“Rarely has Formula
One found itself on the threshold of the sort of technological
leap forward that we’re contemplating right now. And – here’s
the added kick that should give the idea legs – rarely
have we been gifted with so obvious an opportunity to nudge
the sport in an ecologically and commercially appealing direction.
The idea would benefit the public and the car companies as
well as F1, because, at a stroke, it will infuse the sport
with more power and excitement while eventually helping all
car users to conserve energy and improve fuel consumption.
The initial thought concerns a high-tech device that would
inject significant extra power into F1 cars over short periods.
About 10 years ago, three F1 teams were looking at just such
devices. The idea was to recover and store some of the energy
lost in braking, then use it to supplement engine power when
on full throttle. However, these systems were banned in the
mid-90s owing to concerns over the safety of stored energy
and costs.
Since then, the safety problems have been resolved and the
potential costs look modest compared with the car manufacturers’ annual
$100 million-plus budgets for developing conventional F1 engines.
At the same time, hybrid cars using stored braking energy have
become commonplace on our roads, but they presently suffer
from two major problems. First, they run on batteries that
must be charged at a very slow rate and, if the brakes are
applied firmly, lose most of that braking energy in heat. Second,
the batteries, electric motors and associated gubbins, are
very heavy, which is bad for fuel consumption and take up lots
of space.
But suppose we had systems that could soak up large quantities
of energy quickly and were also small and light. In their ultimate
development, they could collect all the energy generated by
a road car and re-use it, instead of fuel, when accelerating.
And, being light, they would have a negligible effect on general
fuel consumption.
Which brings us back to our power-boost devices. If we allow
them in F1, some of the world’s best engineers will set
out to maximise energy storage while reducing weight and size – precisely
what is needed. And instead of these devices being developed
painfully slowly in back-room labs by major car makers, they’ll
quickly be thrust into the full glare of F1, because new, upgraded
versions will be needed immediately, not a few years down the
line.
If we limit these devices by weight – a maximum of,
say, 20kg (including all ancillaries) – but allow technology
a free hand, we might see as many as three rival systems: electrical,
hydraulic and flywheel-based. Existing technology should allow
a 20kg system to store as much as 400kJ of energy and release
it at about 45kW (60bhp) for nine seconds. That output is likely
to increase, perhaps even double, by 2009, when these systems
come on stream. In F1, braking times are very short, but as
much as 2500 braking bhp can be generated for a second or so.
Thus, depending on the circuit, it could well take little more
than a lap to charge the system fully. The driver behind would
then have to try to trick his rival into wasting stored energy
to prevent counter-moves during overtaking. Imagine the Schumacher/Alonso
battles at Imola with this extra element in play.
Making things light and efficient is one of F1’s greatest
talents. It wouldn’t be long before relatively inexpensive
versions of these devices could be offered on high-performance
road cars. The result would be blinding acceleration (engine
plus device), but low fuel consumption. Every time a driver
braked or lifted off, the energy would be recovered and stored.
When unit costs came down, such devices would be fitted to
everyday cars, with huge benefits for fuel economy.
All of which would be much more useful than attempts to
extract another few hundred revs from engines already running
on the
high side of 19,000rpm. And that is why we’re inviting
the major car companies to propose a new engine formula for
2011, when we’ll suggest limiting power not by engine
capacity (as we’ve done for the past 100 years), but
by fuel. This may mean, for example, capping the maximum fuel-flow
rate as a function of rpm, leaving the engine designers to
maximise power from a given quantity of fuel. In short, we’re
inviting the car companies to help us make F1 part of their
general fuel economy research.
Yes, you may say, all very interesting, but what about cost?
Who will pay? The obvious answer is that by stopping conventional
engine development, we save $100 million-plus per major manufacturer
each year, while they’re already all working on regenerative
braking. And it wouldn’t be surprising if organisations
outside the automobile industry also become involved – plenty
of work is going on and there’s a lot of expertise out
there, much of it surviving on very modest budgets. F1 may
be just the catalyst that is needed.”
|